英语语法大全：倒装
英语语法大全：倒装
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14. 倒装
14.1 倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构一般只用与通常目前时和 通常过去时。容易见到的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地址状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语需要是名词，假如主语是人称代词则不可以完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
14.1 倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构一般只用与通常目前时和 通常过去时。容易见到的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地址状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语需要是名词，假如主语是人称代词则不可以完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
14.2 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。假如句中的谓语没助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将它置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词汇，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) Why cant I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词汇置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这类否定词包含no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until的句型，大家了解为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 目前将not提前，后面就不可以再用否定了,不然意思就变了。
14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具备否定意义的副词放在句首时，通常使用倒装句。这种表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 与not onlybut , no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when 等等。
注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。假如置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词汇，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装
表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you wont go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I dont know, _____.
A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 第三否定， C neither 使用方法不对且缺少连词。 D缺少连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或一定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确这样。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---Its raining hard. ---So it is.
14.5 only在句最重要倒装的状况
only in this way, can you learn English well.
only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
假如句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
14.6 as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句需要将表语或状语提前 。
注意：
1) 句首名词不可以带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。假如实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一块放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不可以有but，但 though 和yet可连用。
14.7 其他部分倒装
1) so that 句型中的so 坐落于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题：
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，需要用部分倒装的句子结构。
2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize
答案为B。
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I dont know, ___.
A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care
C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also
分析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一状况的重复出现。其中, so用于一定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
