英语语法要点大全：状语从句
英语语法要点大全：状语从句
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19.1 地址状语从句
地址状语从句一般由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树不少。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪儿我都会想到你。
19.2 方法状语从句
方法状语从句一般由as, asso, as if, as though引导。
1) as, asso引导的方法状语从句一般坐落于主句后，但在 asso结构中坐落于句首，这个时候as从句带有比喻的意思，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体，比如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你期望人家如何待你，你就要如何待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
大家不能离开空气，犹如鱼儿不能离开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房子一样，大家也要扫除大家头脑中落后的东西。
2) as if, as though
两者的意义和使用方法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说状况是事实或达成的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，仿佛似的，比如：
They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed.
他们完全忽视了这类事实，就仿佛它没有似的。
He looks as if he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气非常快就会好起来。
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，比如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像首次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要怎么说似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，仿佛非常愤怒。
19.3 缘由状语从句
比较：because, since, as和for
1) because语势最强，用来讲明人所不知是什么原因，回答why提出的问题。当缘由是显而易见的或已为大家所知，就用as或 since。
I didnt go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2) 由because引导的从句假如放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但假如不是说明直接缘由，而是多种状况加以判断，就只可以用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
19.4 目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，比如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
19.5 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导，学会这两个句型，第一要知道so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数目的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
sothat与suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he cant go to school.
He is such a young boy that he cant go to school
19.6 条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中讲解。
unless = if not.
Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.
典型例题
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，不然你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.
19.7 让步状语从句
though, although
注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不可以有but，但 though 和yet可连用
Although its raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
虽然他非常老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。
典型例题
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她非常年轻，却了解很多。
2) as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句需要表语或状语提前。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a. 句首名词不可以带任何冠词。
b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。假如实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一块放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即便
Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whetheror- 不管都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+后缀ever
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不可以引导主语从句和宾语从句。
No matter what you say is of no use now.
Whatever you say is of no use now.
你目前怎么说也没用了。
Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given,
Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃那些。
19.8 比较while, when, as
1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I sTOPped my car, a man came up to me.
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只可以用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3)从句表示随时间推移连词可以用as，不需要when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一每天过去，天气越变越坏。
19.9 比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。一定形式表示的意思是做某事直至某时，动词需要是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是直至某时才做某事。动词为延续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确用这两个连词的重要之一就是判断句中的动词该用一定式还是不是定式。
一定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
否定句：
She didnt arrive until 6 oclock.
她直到6点才到。
Dont get off the bus until it has sTOPped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
1)Until可用于句首，而till一般不需要于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，发生了什么事我一点也不了解。
2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时间?
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
Not until 在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才了解热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
It is not until that
19.10 表示一就的结构
hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan 和as soon as都可以表示一就的意思，例：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：假如hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子需要用倒装结构：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
