英语专题辅导：动名词和分词使用方法及必学三词组概要
高中二年级是高中学习的关键时刻，不只课程任务重，而且非常大程度上决定着学生以后的进步方向，与能否考入理想的大学。有着丰富教学经验的老师，向大伙传授高中二年级各学科学习方法，期望对高中二年级学生学会好的学习技巧、提升学习效率有所帮助。以下是英语学科的主要学习技巧。
人教版高中二年级英语必学三第四单元词组概要
1.无论是公汽还是火车whether buses or trains
2.穿过 get through
3.疯了 as mad as a door
4.诗的乐园 a garden of poems
5.依据分类 be sorted by
6.关于友谊和爱情的浪漫诗集romantic poetry about love and friendship
7.聚集到一块 bring together
8.超越其他文学的任何形式more than any other form of literature
9.灵活运用 play with
10.唤起，使想起 call up
11.梦幻世界的奇意象curious images of a dream world
12.兀立于荣光宝殿之上stand out in the halls of glory
13.遵循特殊的步伐和韵脚follow special patterns of rhythm and rhyme
14.以他的戏剧而闻名be most famous for his plays
15.使他们想起 remind them of
16.一旦被出版 once published
17.缺少步伐感 the absence of thyme
18.在每一行末 at the end of each line
19.很多杰出诗人 a great number of fine poets
20.在中国最受青睐的是英国浪漫主义诗人 Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic poets
21.英年早逝 die at a very young age
22.活到80岁 live to the age of 80
23.通向，致使 lead to
24.英国诗歌引进中国the introduction of English poetry to China
25.把翻译成汉语 translate into Chinese
26.现代英语诗modern poetry in English
27.不管一首诗被翻译得多好no matter how well a poem is translated
28.原作的精髓something of the spirit of the original work
29.用汉语表达我们的方法ways of expressing oneself in Chinese
30.中西方的桥梁the bridges between the East and the West
英语专题辅导：动名词和分词使用方法
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具备除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式;动名词和分词。分词又包含目前分词和过去分词。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同的地方有：
1. 非谓语动词因为不可以用作谓语，因而没语法上的主语，但它总是有逻辑上的主语。如：
How can I get to know her? 我如何能认识她呢?
The boss ordered them to start the work.
I cant bear him staying up so late. 我不可以忍受他这么晚睡。
We being League member, the work was well done.
Who is that speaking? 你是哪一位?
They plan further talks with interested parties on this question.
他们就此问题计划与有关各方进一步谈判。
2. 非谓语动词可以有形容词用途，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。非谓语动词短语总是可以转化成各种从句。如：
The man standing there is our English teacher. The man who is standing there is our English teacher. 站在那儿的那个人是大家的英语教师。
3. 非谓语动词可以有名词用途，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
The foreign guests hope to join the National Day celebration of Beijing. The foreign guests hope that they can join the National Day celebration of Beijing.
外宾期望参加北京的国庆庆祝会。
I regret being unable to help. I regret that I cannot help.
我感到抱歉，不可以帮你。
4. 非谓语动词可以有副词用途，在句中作状语。
非谓语动词在句子中可以做的成分：
2、非谓语动词使用方法：
动名词：
动名词既具备动词的一些特点，又具备名词的句法功能。
1、动名词的形式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
We remembered having seen the film. 大家记得看过这部电影。
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
2、动名词的句法功能：
1)作主语：
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮非常有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
Its no use crying. 哭是没用的。
2)作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的通常性的行为。
Our work is serving the people.大家的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的喜好是集邮。
3)作宾语：
They havent finished building the dam. 他们还没建很大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.大家需要阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。除此之外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，比如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 大家发现取笑别人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语要跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider,
admit，deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk,
appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think of,
dream of, be fond of, prevent, keep from, sTOP, protectfrom,
set about, be engaged in, spend, succeed in, be used to, look forward to,
object to, pay attention to, insist on
4)作定语：
He cant walk without a walking-stick. 他没拐杖不可以走路。
5)作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方非常秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
目前分词：
目前分词既具备动词的一些特点，又具备形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、目前分词的形式：
1)目前分词的主动语态：目前分词主动语态的通常式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。比如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basketball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
2)目前分词的被动语态：通常式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题非常重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又有同一个错误。
2、目前分词的句法功能：
1)作定语：目前分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，若是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
I like the book lying there.
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是大家班长的爸爸。
目前分词作定语等于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking 可改为the man who is speaking.
2)目前分词作表语：
The argument is very convincing.他的论点非常让人信服。
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影非常棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 目前的形势激励人心。
be + doing既可能表示目前进行时，也会是目前分词做表语，它们有什么区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特点时是系动词be与目前分词构成系表结构。
3)作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟目前分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave,
catch等。比如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
4)目前分词作状语：
A)作时间状语：
Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
B)作缘由状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 因为是共青团员，他常常帮助别人。
C)作方法状语，表示随着：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家，又擦又洗。
D)作条件状语：
Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 如果整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
E)作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
F)作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
G)作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得非常大，但不久天就晴了。
H)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有些票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 假如时间允许，大家将做另两个训练。
有时也可用with +名词+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
H)作独立成分：
Judging from his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他肯定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 通常说来，女生更细心。
过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没统一的规则需要，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1、作定语：
I dont like the book written by Martin.
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一大家班拓展了一次有组织的旅游。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，通常用于名词前，若是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语等于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2、过去分词作表语：
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息，他们很激动。
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到非常害怕。
注意be + 过去分词，假如表示状况是系表结构，假如表示被动的动作是被动语态。不同：
The window is broken.
The window was broken by the boy.
有的过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water
fallen leaves
newly arrived goods
the risen sun
the changed world
这种过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3、过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4、过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
遭到邻居们的表彰，他成为爸爸妈妈的骄傲。
once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，大家就忘不了。
Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 假如给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了期望与恐惧，他走进山洞。
5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied.
所有些书期末时都还了，图书管理员非常高兴。
The field ploughed, he began to spread seed.地耕好了，他开始撒种子。
3、目前分词与过去分词有什么区别:
1. 作表语
分词做表语有两种状况，一种是目前分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者不同是考试中常常考到的地方。通常来讲，表示心理状况的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是激动，开心，而是使激动、使开心，因而目前分词应该是让人激动的、让人开心的，过去分词则是感到激动的和感到开心的。所以，凡表示让人的都是-ing形式，但凡表示感到都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对有兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身感兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这种词容易见到的有：
interesting使人感到开心--interested感到开心的
exciting让人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting让人开心的--delighted感到开心的
disappointing让人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging让人激励的--encouraged感到激励的
pleasing让人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling让人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying让人认可的---satisfied感到认可的
surprising让人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying让人担忧的--worried感到担忧的
Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅游是有趣的，但使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
假如要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The game is exciting.
We were excited at the news.
2. 分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特征：
1)目前分词表示主动意义，过去分词通常表示被动含意。
2)目前分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状况或做完的事。
He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房屋。
The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男生是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是大家的教室。
He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。
3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具备被动意义，这点应该注意：
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired,
returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled,
newly-arrived, recently-come
3. 分词作状语
目前分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要不同在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系有什么区别。
1)目前分词作状语时，目前分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
因为不知怎么样办是好，他去找爸爸妈妈帮忙。
Smiling, they came in.
2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Cleaned, the room looks nice.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
假如对这类树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇见困境的时候，大家需要设法克服。
目的测试
1.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time _______ the last bus.
A. to have caught B. to catch C. catching D. having caught
2.I must make full use of the time ________ left to me and do as much as I can for the people.
A. there being B. there is C. there are D. there to be
3.He does nothing but________ .
A. complaining B. to complaining C. complain D. to complain
4.Youre going to England next year. You should now practise ________ English as much as possible.
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. Speak about
5.The students expected there ________ more reviewing classes before the final exam.
A. is B. being C. have been D. to be
6.If we dont start out now, we must risk ________ the train.
A. miss B. missing C. being missed D. to miss
7.Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort ________ her?
A. please B. pleased C. to please D. having pleased
8.The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robbed B. robbed
C. to have been robbed D. having been robbed
9.He is an ________ teacher.
A. advancing B. advanced C. being advancing D. advance
10.________ exceptions, the rule may stand.
A. Allow for B. Allowing for C. To allow D.To allow for
11.The local health organization is reported ________ twenty-five years age hen
Dr.Adudon became its first president.
A. to be set up B. being set up
C. to have been set up D. having been set up
12.They sTOPped ________ , but now Im getting interested.
A. listening B. to listen C. listen D. having listening
13.I heard him ________ the door
A. locking B. to lock C. lock D. being locking
14. We dont want ________ any comrades lagging behind.
A. there being B. there to being C. there to be D. there is
15.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always ________ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.
A. combined B. having combined C. combine D. being combined
16.John painted her sitting in a chair with her hands ________.
A. folding B. to have folded C. to fold D. folded
17.The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man ________ prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century.
A. was B. being C. is D. having been
18.His victory in the final was no more ________ than I had expected.
A. convincing B. convinced C. to convince D. being convincing
19.Lots of empty boots were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but________ .
A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk
20.I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
A. having been given B. having been
C. to have been given D. to have given
21.I have got a loaf of bread ; now Im looking for a knife________ .
A. to cut it with B. to cut with it
C. with it to cut D. it to cut with
22.There is no point________ further.
A. argue B. to argue C. arguing D. being arguing
23.The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was ________ large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
A. to provide B. providing C. having providing D. provide
24.On seeing the young child ________ into the lake, John sprang to his feet, and went to the rescue.
A. fell B. fall C. falling D. to fall
25.I am sorry to hear that you resorted ________ .
A. to cheat B. to cheating C. cheating D. cheat
26.He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ________ insufficiently popular with all members.
A. being considered B. considering.
C. to be considered D. having considered
27.The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each ________ one major point in contrast with the other.
A. make B. made C. is to make D. making
28. All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
A. were canceled B. had been canceled
C. having canceled D. having been canceled
参考答案：
1-5 BBCCD 6-10 BCCBB 11-15 CBCCD 16-20 DBAAA
21-25 ACABB 26-28 ADD
